Name: 
 

Bio 2 Final Exam 2008


Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 
 
The following questions refer to the digestive system structures in the figure below.

practicefinal_files/i0020000.jpg
 

 1. 
Which organ makes bile?
a.
8
b.
1
c.
9
d.
2
e.
3
 

 2. 
This organ absorbs water from food and creates feces?
a.
5
b.
4
c.
1
d.
3
e.
2
 

 3. 
Where is bile stored?
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
1
e.
8
 

 4. 
Which structure is called the esophagus?
a.
8
b.
1
c.
3
d.
2
e.
7
 

 5. 
The wing of an insect and the wing of a bird are said to be
a.
homologous structures.
c.
analogous structures.
b.
fundamental structures.
d.
from a common ancestor.
 

 6. 
Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?
a.
DNA is a protein, whereas RNA is a nucleic acid.
b.
RNA is a double helix, but DNA is single-stranded.
c.
A and D are correct.
d.
RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid.
e.
DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides.
 

 7. 
Each of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor EXCEPT
a.
crowding.
c.
disease.
b.
competition.
d.
seasonal cycles.
 

 8. 
A biotic or an abiotic resource in the environment that causes population size to decrease is a
a.
growth factor.
c.
carrying capacity.
b.
limiting nutrient.
d.
limiting factor.
 

 9. 
Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach.
a.
to begin the chemical breakdown of proteins.
c.
to extract water from food.
b.
to store food awaiting release to the small intestine.
d.
to mechanically breakdown food into smaller pieces.
 

 10. 
What is an organism that feeds only on plants called?
a.
herbivore
c.
carnivore
b.
omnivore
d.
detritivore
 

 11. 
The pigs trachea and esophagus both open into the
a.
stomach.
b.
rectum.
c.
pharynx.
d.
large intestine.
 

 12. 
Which is a major concept included in Lamarck’s theory of evolution?
a.
Population size decreases the rate of evolution.
b.
Change is the result of survival of the fittest.
c.
Artificial selection is the basis for evolution.
d.
Body structure can change according to the actions of the organism.
 

 13. 
The gall bladder is an organ that
a.
that stores the chemical called bile.
c.
stores acid to be released into the stomach.
b.
that makes insulin.
d.
that makes a chemical called bile.
 

 14. 
Sperm mature in the
a.
ductus deferens.
c.
epididymis.
b.
kidneys.
d.
uterine tubes.
 

 15. 
The vocal cords of a pig are found in which of the following structures?
a.
gall bladder
b.
larynx
c.
stomach
d.
pharyx
 

 16. 
A mathematical formula designed to predict population fluctuations in a community could be called a(an)
a.
ecological observation.
c.
biological experiment.
b.
ecological model.
d.
biological system.
 

 17. 
What animals eat both producers and consumers?
a.
autotrophs
c.
chemotrophs
b.
omnivores
d.
herbivores
 

 18. 
In the double helix structure of nucleic acids, cytosine hydrogen bonds to
a.
deoxyribose.
b.
adenine.
c.
thymine.
d.
guanine.
e.
ribose.
 

 19. 
The small, white, cartilage tab found at the back of the throat in a pig is called the
a.
epiglottis
c.
hard palatte
b.
pharynx
d.
larynx
 

 20. 
Which statement is in agreement with Darwin’s theory of evolution?
a.
The organisms that are the fittest are always largest and strongest.
b.
More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.
c.
The number of offspring is not related to fitness.
d.
Acquired characteristics that are inherited are the cause of evolution.
 

 21. 
Before fertilization, eggs develop in
a.
the vagina.
c.
the ovary.
b.
the uterus.
d.
the uterine tubes.
 
 
Refer to the diagram of the human heart in the figure below to answer the following questions.

practicefinal_files/i0240000.jpg
 

 22. 
Chambers or vessels that carry blood with lots of oxygen include which of the following?
a.
1 and 2 only
b.
5 and 6 only
c.
3, 5, and 6
d.
1, 2, and 4
 

 23. 
What is the correct sequence of blood flow, beginning at the pulmonary artery?
a.
4-body and head-2-1-6-3-5
b.
3-5-6-body and head-2-1-4
c.
4-5-6-3-body and head-2-1
d.
2-1-4-body and head-3-5-6
 

 24. 
Blood is carried directly to the lungs from which of the following?
a.
4
c.
5
b.
2
d.
3
 

 25. 
An organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(an)
a.
autotroph.
c.
detritivore.
b.
consumer.
d.
heterotroph.
 

 26. 
Lamarck’s theory of evolution includes the concept that new organs in a species appear as a result of
a.
the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures.
b.
an unchanging local environment.
c.
the natural variations already present within the population of organisms.
d.
continual increases in population size.
 

 27. 
Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals are called
a.
producers.
c.
omnivores.
b.
autotrophs.
d.
decomposers.
 

 28. 
Most nutrients are absorbed across the walls of the
a.
stomach.
b.
large intestine.
c.
colon.
d.
small intestine.
e.
esophagus.
 

 29. 
The sand mandala created by the visiting monks last week was the Mandala of
a.
Wisdom
b.
Compassion
c.
Impermenance
d.
Non-Violence
 

 30. 
The lungs of a fetal pig are
a.
more dense than water.
c.
all of the above.
b.
collapsed.
d.
not used until after birth.
 

 31. 
Most of the energy available to a consumer trophic level is used by organisms for
a.
respiration, movement, and reproduction.
b.
transfer to the next trophic level.
c.
performing photosynthesis.
d.
producing inorganic chemical compounds.
 

 32. 
Plants are
a.
consumers.
c.
producers.
b.
herbivores.
d.
omnivores.
 

 33. 
After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful about how much of this that they can eat.
a.
fat.
b.
protein.
c.
sugar.
d.
starch.
 

 34. 
Which of the following is NOT found in both male and female pigs?
a.
ureter
c.
urogenital sinus
b.
urethra
d.
mammary gland
 

 35. 
As resources in a population become less available, the population
a.
reaches carrying capacity.
c.
enters a phase of exponential growth.
b.
declines rapidly.
d.
increases slowly.
 

 36. 
The trachea and bronchi are prevented from collapsing during breathing by
a.
rings of cartilage.
c.
increased contraction of the diaphragm.
b.
breathing through the nose.
d.
moistening the air as it enters.
 

 37. 
The colon, the rectum, and the caecum are all considered to be part of this structure or system.
a.
the urogenital system
c.
the small intestine
b.
the large intestine
d.
the appendix
 

 38. 
Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?
a.
oral cavity and saliva —starch digestion
b.
stomach—protein digestion
c.
small intestine—nutrient absorption
d.
large intestine—bile production
 

 39. 
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver.
a.
to create chemicals that help digest lipids.
c.
to de-toxify poisons in the blood.
b.
to create chemicals that help digest proteins.
d.
to create bile.
 

 40. 
What structure serves as a passageway for both air and food?
a.
bronchus
c.
trachea
b.
larynx
d.
pharynx
 

 41. 
An organism that cannot make its own food is called a(an)
a.
producer.
c.
autotroph.
b.
chemotroph.
d.
heterotroph.
 

 42. 
All of the following nitrogenous bases are found in DNA except
a.
uracil.
b.
adenine.
c.
thymine.
d.
guanine.
 

 43. 
The main organs of the excretory system are the
a.
kidneys.
c.
ureters.
b.
lungs.
d.
intestines.
 

 44. 
Which of the following tells you population density?
a.
the number of bacteria per square millimeter
b.
the number of births per year
c.
the number of frogs in a pond
d.
the number of deaths per year
 

 45. 
What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?
a.
carbohydrates
c.
water
b.
carbon
d.
sunlight
 

 46. 
If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, the
a.
birthrate must fall.
c.
birthrate may rise.
b.
death rate may rise.
d.
death rate must fall.
 
 
Use the table of condons below to answer the following questions.

practicefinal_files/i0500000.jpg
 

 47. 
What amino acid sequence will be generated, based on the following mRNA codon sequence?
5'AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG
a.
met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu
b.
met-glu-arg-arg-gln-leu
c.
met-leu-phe-arg-glu-glu
d.
met-arg-glu-arg-glu-arg
e.
met-ser-leu-ser-leu-ser
 

 48. 
The pyloric valve lies between the stomach and small intestine.  Its major function is
a.
to regulate the movement of food into the small intestine.
c.
to digest proteins.
b.
to secrete acid into the stomach.
d.
to neutralize acid coming from the stomach.
 

 49. 
Which would be least likely to be affected by a density-dependent limiting factor?
a.
a large, dense population
b.
a small, scattered population
c.
a population with a high birthrate
d.
a population with a high immigration rate
 

 50. 
A bird stalks, kills, and then eats an insect. Based on its behavior, which ecological terms describe the bird?
a.
herbivore, decomposer
c.
autotroph, herbivore
b.
carnivore, consumer
d.
producer, heterotroph
 

 51. 
According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the
a.
possession of adaptations developed through use.
b.
lack of competition within the species.
c.
choices made by plant and animal breeders.
d.
possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.
 

 52. 
Figure 12-5 shows the structure of a(an)

practicefinal_files/i0560000.jpg

Figure 12–5
a.
RNA molecule.
c.
protein.
b.
amino acid.
d.
DNA molecule.
 

 53. 
Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches
a.
acquired traits through use and disuse.
b.
descended from a common ancestor.
c.
all eat the same type of food.
d.
have the ability to interbreed.
 

 54. 
In eukaryotes, DNA
a.
is located in the ribosomes.
c.
is located in the nucleus.
b.
is circular.
d.
floats freely in the cytoplasm.
 

 55. 
On the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed
a.
completely unrelated species on each of the islands.
b.
somewhat similar species, with traits that suited their particular environments.
c.
species exactly like those found in South America.
d.
species completely unrelated to those found in South America.
 

 56. 
Which of the following would NOT be a limiting factor to the size of a large, dense population?
a.
a struggle for food, water, space, or sunlight
b.
a struggle to find shelter from a natural disaster
c.
predator/prey relationships
d.
parasitism and disease
 

 57. 
In 1859, Charles Darwin published his revolutionary scientific ideas in a work titled
a.
On the Origin of Species.
b.
Essay on the Principle of Population.
c.
Evolution in Malaysia.
d.
Principles of Geology.
 

 58. 
Which of the following is NOT a type of blood vessel?
a.
artery
c.
vein
b.
capillary
d.
lymphatic cell
 

 59. 
According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have
a.
characteristics that plant and animal breeders value.
b.
the greatest number of offspring.
c.
variations best suited to the environment.
d.
characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse.
 

 60. 
Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?
a.
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
b.
a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil
c.
a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
d.
a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar
 

 61. 
Which type of pyramid shows the amount of living tissue at each trophic level in an ecosystem?
a.
an energy pyramid
c.
a food pyramid
b.
a biomass pyramid
d.
a numbers pyramid
 

 62. 
A disease resulting in the deaths of one third of a dense population of bats in a cave would be a
a.
nutrient-limiting factor.
c.
density-dependent limiting factor.
b.
density-independent limiting factor.
d.
result of exponential growth.
 

 63. 
RNA contains the sugar
a.
ribose.
c.
lactose.
b.
deoxyribose.
d.
glucose.
 

 64. 
Which will reduce competition within a species’ population?
a.
fewer resources
c.
higher birthrate
b.
fewer individuals
d.
higher population density
 

 65. 
In a logistic growth curve, exponential growth is the phase in which the population
a.
growth stops.
c.
growth begins to slow down.
b.
reaches carrying capacity.
d.
grows quickly.
 

 66. 
Which structure produces sperm?
a.
testis
c.
vas deferens
b.
scrotum
d.
epididymis
 

 67. 
Which of the following occur when a person or pig is breathing?
a.
the diaphragm contracts and moves downward.
b.
the ribs rise
c.
the chest cavity expands
d.
all of the above
 

 68. 
Which of the following are the smallest of the blood vessels?
a.
veins
c.
lymphatic cells
b.
capillaries
d.
arteries
 

 69. 
The enzyme amylase is found in saliva.  Which of the following polymers does it chemically digest into monomers called monosaccharides?
a.
lipids
c.
proteins
b.
simple sugars
d.
starches
 

 70. 
The small, spherical structures found deep in the lungs, over which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air, are called
a.
alveoli.
c.
epididymis.
b.
arterioles.
d.
bronchioles.
 

 71. 
Of the following functions, the major purpose of RNA is to
a.
transmit genetic information to offspring.
b.
function in the synthesis of protein.
c.
act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA.
d.
form the genes of higher organisms.
 

 72. 
The final tube that sperm will travel through before it exits the body is
a.
the penis.
c.
the urogenital sinus.
b.
the ureter.
d.
the epididymis.
 

 73. 
The two large veins that enter the heart at the right atrium and bring blood from the body are known as
a.
the brachial veins.
c.
the jugular veins.
b.
the venules.
d.
the vena cavae.
 

 74. 
Where does the process of chemical digestion begin?
a.
esophagus
c.
small intestine
b.
mouth
d.
stomach
 

 75. 
The large artery that exits the heart at the left ventricle and begins the pathway of blood going to the head and body is called
a.
the carotid artery.
c.
the pulmonary artery.
b.
the aortic arch.
d.
the brachial artery.
 

 76. 
Genes contain instructions for assembling
a.
proteins.
c.
pyrimidines.
b.
purines.
d.
nucleosomes.
 

 77. 
Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is
a.
eliminated as heat.
c.
stored as body tissue.
b.
used in reproduction.
d.
stored as fat.
 

 78. 
The structure that lies at the junction of the uterine horns in a female pig is
a.
the ductus deferens.
c.
the uterus.
b.
the urinary bladder.
d.
the vagina.
 

 79. 
All of the following are limiting factors EXCEPT
a.
human disturbances.
c.
competition.
b.
immigration.
d.
predation.
 

 80. 
During his voyage on the Beagle, Charles Darwin made many observations
a.
on the Galápagos Islands.
c.
in England.
b.
in North America.
d.
in China.
 

 81. 
The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on the Galápagos Islands displayed different structural adaptations. One of the adaptations that Darwin noted was the
a.
number of eggs in each bird’s nest.
c.
similarities of the birds’ embryos.
b.
length of the birds’ necks.
d.
birds’ different-shaped beaks.
 

 82. 
Urine is stored in
a.
the urogenital sinus.
c.
the urinary bladder.
b.
the gall bladder.
d.
the urethra.
 

 83. 
Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution explains all of the following EXCEPT
a.
how species change over time.
b.
how species become extinct.
c.
how inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring.
d.
how evolution takes place in the natural world.
 

 84. 
How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
a.
3
c.
12
b.
9
d.
6
 

 85. 
Which organ system is responsible for making and delivering sperm?
a.
endocrine system
c.
male reproductive system
b.
nervous system
d.
female reproductive system
 

 86. 
The small, reddish gland found on top of the trachea during dissection of the pig is called
a.
the thyroid gland.
c.
the thymus gland.
b.
the gall bladder.
d.
the pancreas.
 

 87. 
Which body system acts as a transportation system for oxygen and nutrients?
a.
nervous
c.
excretory
b.
circulatory
d.
respiratory
 

 88. 
Which of the following is a density-independent limiting factor?
a.
parasitism
c.
emigration
b.
disease
d.
earthquake
 

 89. 
What is one of the roles of the pancreas in digestion?
a.
absorbs nutrients into the blood
c.
produces digestive enzymes
b.
churns food
d.
removes water from digested food
 

 90. 
When Charles Darwin returned from the voyage of the Beagle, he
a.
copied the evolutionary theory of Wallace.
b.
immediately published his ideas about evolution.
c.
wrote about his ideas but waited many years to publish them.
d.
realized his ideas about evolution were wrong.
 

 91. 
Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
a.
evolution.
c.
diversity.
b.
fitness.
d.
adaptation.
 

 92. 
The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. Most biologists would probably explain this fact on the basis of
a.
the needs of the organisms.
c.
a common ancestor.
b.
the inheritance of acquired traits.
d.
the struggle for existence.
 

 93. 
Which of the following is NOT part of the urogenital system?
a.
the liver
c.
the kidney
b.
the urethra
d.
the ovary
 

 94. 
Which of the following DO NOT have valves?
a.
heart
c.
arteries
b.
lymph vessels
d.
veins
 

 95. 
What is happening in a population as it decreases?
a.
The birthrate and the death rate remain the same.
b.
The death rate stays the same and the birthrate increases.
c.
The death rate becomes higher than the birthrate.
d.
The death rate becomes lower than the birthrate.
 
 
practicefinal_files/i1000000.jpg

Figure 3–2
 

 96. 
In which way does Figure 3–2 differ from a typical model of trophic levels?
a.
First-level consumers outnumber producers.
b.
Second-level consumers outnumber first-level consumers.
c.
Third-level consumers outnumber second-level consumers.
d.
First-level consumers outnumber second-level consumers.
 

 97. 
The trophic levels in Figure 3–2 illustrate
a.
the amount of living organic matter at each level.
b.
the relative amount of energy at each level.
c.
the relative number of individual organisms at each level.
d.
that the producers outnumber first-level consumers.
 

 98. 
What does Figure 12-6 show?

practicefinal_files/i1030000.jpg

Figure 12-6
a.
anticodons
b.
the genetic code
c.
the order in which amino acids are linked
d.
the code for splicing mRNA
 

 99. 
Darwin’s theory of evolution is based on the idea(s) of
a.
inherited variation and natural selection.
b.
the passing on of acquired characteristics to the next generation.
c.
a tendency toward perfect, unchanging species.
d.
use and disuse.
 

 100. 
What must occur in a population for it to grow?
a.
The birthrate becomes lower than the death rate.
b.
The birthrate becomes higher than the death rate.
c.
The birthrate stays the same and the death rate increases.
d.
The birthrate and the death rate remain the same.
 

 101. 
Compared with the walls of arteries, the walls of veins
a.
lack valves.
c.
are thinner.
b.
have more resistance.
d.
are thicker.
 

 102. 
A small farming community in Texas covers 14 square kilometers. There are 420 individuals who live within the town limits. What is the population density of this community?
a.
30 individuals per square kilometer
b.
0.03 individuals per square kilometer
c.
10.24 individuals per square kilometer
d.
53 individuals per square kilometer
 

 103. 
All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food
a.
chain.
c.
network.
b.
web.
d.
interaction.
 

 104. 
Which RNA molecule carries amino acids?
a.
transfer RNA
c.
RNA polymerase
b.
messenger RNA
d.
ribosomal RNA
 

 105. 
Structures found on different organisms that share the same underlying form but have different functions, are said to be
a.
analogous.
b.
fundamental variations.
c.
natural variations.
d.
homologous.
 

 106. 
In what structure of the figure below do filtration of blood and production of urine occur?

practicefinal_files/i1110000.jpg
a.
kidney
c.
urinary bladder
b.
ureter
d.
renal vein
 

 107. 
When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation?
a.
reproductive isolation
c.
descent with modification
b.
acquired characteristics
d.
survival of the fittest
 

 108. 
What passage carries food between the pharynx and the stomach?
a.
esophagus
c.
epiglottis
b.
large intestine
d.
small intestine
 

 109. 
When the exponential phase of a logistic growth curve of a population ceases,
a.
the size of the population drops.
b.
population growth begins to slow down.
c.
population growth begins to speed up.
d.
the size of the population stays the same.
 

 110. 
Modern starfish embryos resemble the embryos of some primitive vertebrate (animals with backbones) embryos. This similarity may suggest that primitive vertebrates
a.
share a common ancestor with modern starfish.
b.
evolved from modern starfish.
c.
evolved before modern starfish.
d.
belong to the same species as modern starfish.
 

 111. 
Why might Darwin have hesitated to publish his concept of evolution by natural selection?
a.
He felt it was too similar to Lamarck’s to be considered original.
b.
He realized it was not supported by his data.
c.
He realized that his idea was contradicted by the work of Alfred Wallace.
d.
He was disturbed by his findings, which challenged fundamental scientific and religious beliefs of the time.
 

 112. 
A snake that eats a frog that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant is a
a.
third-level consumer.
c.
second-level producer.
b.
first-level consumer.
d.
first-level producer.
 

 113. 
The lungs are found in this cavity or section of the body.
a.
thorax
c.
abdomen
b.
appendage
d.
cranium
 

 114. 
Pigs can have multiple births because
a.
they eat enough to create milk that can support many young.
c.
all of the above.
b.
they have multiple mammary glands.
d.
they have large uterine horns in which the embryos can develop.
 

 115. 
Which of the following is NOT a part of the circulatory system?
a.
air passageway
c.
blood vessels
b.
heart
d.
blood
 

 116. 
Consider a field containing 200 kg (kilograms) of plant material. Approximately how many kg of carnivore production can be supported by this field?
a.
2
b.
200
c.
100
d.
10
e.
20
 
 
practicefinal_files/i1220000.jpg

Figure 3–1
 

 117. 
The algae at the beginning of the food chain in Figure 3–1 are
a.
decomposers.
c.
heterotrophs.
b.
producers.
d.
consumers.
 

 118. 
The two strands making up the DNA double helix molecule
a.
cannot be separated.
b.
are held together by hydrogen bonds.
c.
are attached through a phosphate to hold the strands together.
d.
contain uracil but not thymine.
 

 119. 
The various growth phases through which most populations go are represented on a(an)
a.
population curve.
c.
normal curve.
b.
exponential growth curve.
d.
logistic growth curve.
 
 
practicefinal_files/i1260000.jpg
 

 120. 
In the picture shown above, structure 1 refers to the
a.
ears
c.
anal opening
b.
digits
d.
umbilical cord
 

 121. 
In the picture shown above, structure 2 refers to the
a.
ears
c.
anal opening
b.
digits
d.
umbilical cord
 

 122. 
In the picture shown above, structure 3 refers to the
a.
anal openings
c.
mammary papillae
b.
urogenital openings
d.
vulva
 

 123. 
In the picture shown above, structure 4 refers to the
a.
tail
c.
anal opening
b.
male urogenital opening
d.
urethral opening
 

 124. 
In the picture shown above, structure 5 refers to the
a.
tongue
c.
digit
b.
nare
d.
appendage
 
 
practicefinal_files/i1320000.jpg
 

 125. 
In the picture shown above, structure 6 refers to the
a.
duodenum
c.
stomach
b.
pyloric valve
d.
gall bladder
 

 126. 
In the picture shown above, structure 7 refers to the
a.
colon
c.
stomach
b.
pyloric valve
d.
gall bladder
 

 127. 
In the picture shown above, structure 8 refers to the
a.
colon
c.
small intestine
b.
pyloric valve
d.
rectum
 

 128. 
In the picture shown above, structure 9 is responsible for
a.
chemical digestion
c.
bile production
b.
mechanical digestion
d.
A and B are correct
 

 129. 
In the picture shown above, the coiled structure 10 refers to
a.
the rectum
c.
the colon
b.
the duodenum
d.
the appendix
 

 130.