Causes:

• The UN Partition Plan
• Britain evacuating Palestine
• The international sympathy for Jews
• A long history of Anti-Semitism

Creation of Israeli State

Description:

• Zionist leaders proclaimed the State of Israel on May 14th, 1948

Effects:

• Arab-Israeli Wars
• Neighboring countries attached Israel, who won and increased its borders to 77% of the old Palestine
• 700,000 Palestinians became refugees

Causes:

• Effort to control Palestine and be represented
• An increase in Palestinian nationalism

Formation of the PLO

Description:

• Effort to unite Palestine and get representation
• Includes political and military groups
• More competition between Fatah, HAMAS, and Islamic Jihad

Effects:

• Israel wouldn't acknowledge the PLO, saying is is a terrorist organization
• Israel said Palestinians should be incorporated into Arab states neighboring Israel

Causes:

• Creation of Israel
• Tense relations between Israel and surrounding Arab countries
• Countries building up their military power
• Egypt entered Sinai
• Syria thought Israel was going to attack them

Six-Day War

Description:

• Egypt and Syria prepared for an attack
• Israel destyored their airforces while they were on the ground
• Jordan joined Egypt and Syria in the fighting
• Arab countries were defeated by Israel

Effects:

• Israel captured the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Sinai Peinsula, and Golan Heights
• Israel was established as the regional dominant military power
• Palestinians' lives were restricted

Causes:

• Israel's control of the lands won in 1967
• Anwar Sadat (President of Egypt) offered peace for Sinai and Israel ignored it
• Egypt and Syria decided to attack to end the stalemate

Yom Kippur War

Description:

• attacked on Yom Kippur and surprised Israel
• Syria and Egypt acheived some early victories, but the US and other Israeli supporters came to Israel's aid
• Israel won and reclaimed the Sinai Peninsula

Effects:

• Sadat visited Jerusalem
• The Camp David Accords-- effort to create peace between Egypt and Israel

Causes:

• Sadat visited Jerusalem
• President Jimmy Carter initiated it

Camp David I

Description:

• Carter invited Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Begin to Camp David
• A framework created for peace between Egypt and Israel
• A framework created for the Middle East Crisis's resolution
• The Sinai Peninsula was given back to Egypt

Effects:

• peace between Egypt and Israel
• Sadat assassinated by Egyptian nationalists
• Egyptian anger at Sadat for supporting Israel as a state

Causes:

• thousands of refugees in surrounding Arab countries
• Palestinians being kicked out of their own homes
• West Bank and Gaza Strip infiltrated by Jews (Israelis)
• Palestinian hate for Israel and Israelis

Intifada

Description:

• Means "shaking off" in Arabic
• Widespread acts of civil disobedience-- ex. demonstrations, strikes, boycotts, graffiti, barricades, stone throwing, molohov cocktails thrown, refusal to pay taxes, etc.

Effects:

• Yitzhak Rabin led the counter attack on the Intifada
• more than 1000 Palestinians killed and around 200 were 16 or younger
• growing rivalry with the PLO, Hamas, and Islamic Jihad
• Palestinians killed more than 250 Palestinians for collaborating with the occupation authorities

Causes:

• PLO's weakness after the Gulf War
• A stalemate in Washington talks
• Fear of radical Islam

Oslo Accords

Description:

• Secret meeting
• Isreal and PLO representatives
• Israel-PLO Declaration of Principles written and signed in Washington in September
• Israel withdrawal from Gaza Strip and Jericho
• Israel's willingness to withdraw from other settlements later

Effects:

• Palestinian Authority and Palestinian Legislative Council formed by the PLO
• Yassir Arafat elected PA president
• Raben (Israeli Prime Minister) assassinated by right-wing college student who was angry with the concessions Rabin wa willing to offer
• later Prime Ministers ignored the Oslo Accords
• the Second Intifada