Currently, most climate scientists agree that 350 ppm (parts per million) of CO2 (carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere is a safe amount - that is, the amount of carbon dioxide that can be in the air without having irreversible effects on the environment. As of now, the measure is 385 ppm.
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. As sunlight reflected by the earth goes back into the atmosphere, carbon dioxide and other gases -- such as methane -- prevent the sunlight from going back into outer space, keeping it on the planet. This causes temperatures to go up, which adversely effects weather and the ice caps worldwide. So how much carbon dioxide is in the atmosphere is directly related to the effects of Global Warming. Which is why the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere must be lowered. Soon.